An Apprehended Violence Order (AVO) is a civil order imposed by a court that is designed to protect individuals from threats or harm, often related to domestic or personal violence allegations. 

There are two main types: an Apprehended Domestic Violence Order (ADVO), which applies to individuals in a domestic relationship, and an Apprehended Personal Violence Order (APVO), used when there is no such relationship. 

Being served with an AVO can impose conditions that restrict your ability to contact or approach a protected person or go within a certain distance of where they reside or work. You can also be charged with a criminal offence if you contravene any conditions of an ADVO or APVO. 

Additional information on AVO and Breach of AVO:

  Apprehended violence orders

  Contravene AVO offences

In New South Wales (NSW), assault is a criminal offence involving the unlawful application or threat of force to another person. The Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) outlines various forms of assault, including common assault, assault occasioning actual bodily harm, and assault occasioning grievous bodily harm.

Types of Assault

1. Common Assault (Section 61 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)):

Common assault is the most basic form of assault. It occurs when a person intentionally or recklessly applies force to another, or threatens another person with immediate violence, without their consent. It does not require physical injury.

  Penalties: The maximum penalty for common assault is 2 years imprisonment and/or a fine of 50 penalty units.

2. Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm (Section 59 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)):

This offence involves an assault that results in actual bodily harm to the victim. Actual bodily harm refers to injuries that are more than merely transient or trifling, such as bruises, cuts, and abrasions.

  Penalties: The maximum penalty for this offence is 5 years imprisonment, or up to 7 years if in the context of domestic violence.

3. Assault Occasioning Grievous Bodily Harm (Section 33 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)):

Assault occasioning grievous bodily harm is a more severe offence where the victim sustains serious injuries that cause long-term or permanent damage. Grievous bodily harm includes severe injuries such as broken bones, substantial blood loss, or injuries causing permanent disability.

Other serious personal offences can also include the reckless or intentional wounding of another, or choking, strangulation or suffocation offences.

Defences to an Assault Charge

Several defences may be applicable to those charged with assault in NSW:

  Self-Defence: Arguing that the accused was protecting themselves or another person from immediate harm.

  Consent: Demonstrating that the alleged victim consented to the contact (e.g., in a sporting context).

  Duress: Showing that the accused was forced to commit the assault due to threats or coercion.

  Necessity: Establishing that the assault was necessary to prevent greater harm.

Additional information on Assault Charges:

  Common assault offences

  Assaulting a police officer in the execution of duty

  Assault occasioning actual bodily harm offences

  Domestic violence related assault offences

  Reckless wounding or infliction of grievous bodily harm offences

  Wound or inflict grievous with intent to cause grievous bodily harm offences

  Choke, suffocate or strangle offences

Public order offences in New South Wales (NSW) are criminal acts that disrupt public peace and order. These offences are designed to maintain social harmony and protect the community from behaviours that can cause public disturbance or fear. They are typically governed by the Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) and the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW).

Key Public Order Offences

1. Offensive Conduct and Language:

  Offensive Conduct (Section 4 of the Summary Offences Act 1988): Engaging in behaviour that is offensive, indecent, or obscene in a public place. This can include acts like public urination, exposing oneself, or engaging in lewd activities.

  Offensive Language (Section 4A of the Summary Offences Act 1988): Using offensive, abusive, or insulting language in or near a public place or school. This offence is often used to address situations where language is used to provoke or offend others in public.

2. Drunk and Disorderly Behaviour (Section 9 of the Summary Offences Act 1988):

  Being drunk in a public place and behaving in a disorderly manner that disturbs public peace. This can include actions like fighting, shouting, or causing a public nuisance.

3. Riot and Affray:

  Riot (Section 93B of the Crimes Act 1900): Participation in a riot involves a group of 12 or more people who use or threaten unlawful violence for a common purpose, causing others to fear for their safety.

  Affray (Section 93C of the Crimes Act 1900): Engaging in conduct that is likely to cause a person of reasonable firmness present at the scene to fear for their safety. Unlike riot, affray can involve one person acting alone.

4. Trespass and Unlawful Entry:

  Trespass (Section 11 of the Summary Offences Act 1988): Entering private property without permission or remaining on the property after being asked to leave. This offence aims to protect individuals’ rights to privacy and property.

  Unlawful Entry on Enclosed Lands (Section 4 of the Enclosed Lands Protection Act 1901): Entering or staying on lands that are enclosed without lawful excuse.

5. Obstructing Traffic:

  Obstructing Pedestrians (Section 6 of the Summary Offences Act 1988): Wilfully preventing free passage of people or vehicles on a public road or footpath. This can include actions like blocking a pathway or street protest.

  Damaging or Obstructing Roads (Section 22 of the Summary Offences Act 1988): Damaging a public road or placing an obstruction on a road without lawful excuse.

6. Participation in Unlawful Assembly (Section 11A of the Summary Offences Act 1988):

  Participating in or encouraging others to participate in an unlawful assembly or meeting. This offence aims to prevent large gatherings that could lead to public disturbances or riots.

7. Custody of Offensive Implements (Section 11B of the Summary Offences Act 1988):

  Having an offensive implement, such as a weapon, in a public place without reasonable excuse. This offence is designed to prevent individuals from carrying items that could be used to cause harm or fear.

8. Prohibited Behaviour on Public Transport (Section 10 of the Summary Offences Act 1988):

  Engaging in prohibited behaviour, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or causing disturbances on public transport. This is intended to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers.

Penalties

The penalties for public order offences vary depending on the severity and nature of the offence. They can range from fines and community service orders to imprisonment for more serious offences like riot or affray. 

Repeated offences or aggravating factors, such as the use of weapons or the presence of children, can result in harsher penalties.

Importance of Legal Representation

Public order offences can have significant legal and personal consequences, including criminal records, fines, and imprisonment. If you are charged with a public order offence, it is crucial to seek legal advice from an experienced criminal lawyer who can help you understand your rights and options and provide representation in court.

Public order offences in NSW encompass a wide range of behaviours that disrupt public peace and safety. Understanding these offences and their consequences is important for maintaining social harmony and protecting individual rights. 

If you face charges related to public order offences, engaging a skilled lawyer is essential to ensure a fair defence and navigate the legal process effectively.

Additional Information on Affray and Public Disorder:

  Affray Offences

  Riot Offences

  Public Disorder Offences

  Offensive language in a public place

  Possession of a knife in a public place

  Possession of housebreaking implements

In New South Wales (NSW), break and enter offences are serious crimes typically involving the unlawful entry into a premises that may include aggravated versions of the offence if the act of breaking and entering was carried with the intent to commit another offence, such as theft or assault. 

Key Elements of the Offence

To secure a conviction for break and enter, the prosecution must establish several critical elements beyond a reasonable doubt:

 Breaking: This implies the act of forcing entry into a premises without the consent of the owner. It could involve physical breaking such as smashing windows or forcing doors or pushing a slightly ajar window further open. 

 Entering: Actual physical entry into the premises is required. Partial entry, such as inserting an arm, can suffice if the prosecution can prove intent to commit an offence.

 Circumstance of aggravation: If the offence is an aggravated form of ‘break and enter’, then the prosecution must also prove the circumstances amounting to aggravation. For example, if the offence is ‘break and enter with intent to commit a serious indictable offence’, then the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused held an intent to engage in criminal activity upon entering the building. Common intentions include theft, committing assault, or causing property damage.

The penalties for break and enter offences in NSW vary, generally reflecting the severity and circumstances of the crime, and whether the offence is carried out in circumstances of aggravation.

Defences Available

Several defences may be available to individuals charged with break and enter, including:

 Mistaken Identity: Establishing that the accused was not the person who committed the offence.

 Consent: Showing that the accused had lawful consent to enter the premises.

 Lack of Intent: If it is an aggravated offence, then demonstrating that there was no criminal intent at the time of entry.

Additional Information Breakdown:

 Break and enter offences

 Break and enter with intent to commit a serious indictable offence

 Break, enter and commit serious indictable offence

Commonwealth Offences

Commonwealth criminal offences, also referred to as Federal Offences, are outlined in various pieces of legislation such as the Criminal Code Act 1995, Customs Act 1901, Corporations Act 2001, and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. Unlike State offences which can vary in their elements, procedures and penalty from one State to another, Commonwealth offences are applicable nationwide as they are offences against the Commonwealth of Australia. 

Unique legal principles, practices, and procedures govern Commonwealth cases. The principles that govern sentencing are different for State offences and Commonwealth offences. It is essential to engage criminal lawyers with extensive expertise in these particular laws and procedures of a range of government agencies.

Additional Information on Commonwealth Offences:

 Offences against the Criminal Code Act 

 Offences against the Customs Act

 Tax Offences

 Centrelink Fraud Offences

 NDIS Fraud offences

Drug offences in New South Wales (NSW) are primarily governed by two key pieces of legislation: the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW) and the Criminal Code Act 1998 (Commonwealth). These laws encompass a range of offences related to the possession, supply, and trafficking of illicit substances both within the state and across national borders.

Key Legislation

Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW): This Act applies to drug-related conduct within the state of New South Wales and includes various offences such as drug possession, drug supply, deemed drug supply, ongoing drug supply, drug manufacture or production, cultivating prohibited plants, and charges related to drug premises.

Criminal Code Act 1998 (Commonwealth): This Act addresses offences that involve crossing Australia’s international borders, such as the importation or exportation of controlled drugs, plants, or precursors, and the possession or attempted possession of unlawfully imported controlled substances.

Types of Drug Offences

1. Possession of a Prohibited Drug

Under the Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act, possessing a prohibited drug is a criminal offence. Possession means having control or custody of the drug, whether for personal use or otherwise. The prosecution must prove that the accused knowingly possessed a substance that was indeed a prohibited drug.

 Penalties: Penalties vary based on the type and quantity of the drug, but can include fines / penalty notice, community service, and imprisonment.

2. Supply of a Prohibited Drug

Drug supply involves providing or distributing a prohibited drug to another person. The charge can apply even if no actual transaction occurs, such as in cases of ‘deemed supply’ where possession of a quantity over a certain threshold is enough to infer intent to supply.

 Penalties: Penalties for supply are severe and depend on the type and quantity of the drug, with potential imprisonment ranging from 2 years to life imprisonment for large commercial quantity offences.

3. Importing a Border Controlled Drug

The Criminal Code Act addresses the importation (or exportation) of border-controlled drugs. This includes activities such as bringing a controlled drug, plant, or precursor into Australia, whether through legal or illegal channels. The offence also includes attempting to import or possess a drug that has been unlawfully imported.

 Penalties: Severe penalties apply for these offences, reflecting the serious nature of drug trafficking. Penalties can include extensive prison sentences, often ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment, depending on the quantity and type of drug involved.

Drug offences in NSW carry severe consequences and are prosecuted rigorously. The complexity of these laws demands that individuals facing such charges seek legal representation with in-depth knowledge and experience in both state and federal drug laws. 

Understanding the distinctions between offences and the legal principles involved is crucial for an effective defence.

How Jameson Law Can Help with your drug charges

If you or someone you know is facing a drug offence or drug driving charge, Jameson Law is here to provide expert legal assistance. Our experienced team of solicitors understands the complexities and nuances of drug laws in NSW and throughout Australia. We offer:

 Personalised Legal Advice: Tailored guidance based on the specifics of your case, ensuring that you understand your rights and options.

 Skilled Representation: Strong advocacy in court to defend your rights and strive for the best possible outcome.

 Thorough Preparation: Comprehensive preparation, including gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and building a robust defence strategy.

 Support Throughout the Process: Constant support and communication to help alleviate the stress and uncertainty of legal proceedings.

Firearms offences in New South Wales (NSW) are governed by the Firearms Act 1996, which establishes strict regulations and penalties to control the use, possession, and distribution of firearms. 

These laws aim to enhance public safety by preventing illegal activities involving firearms and ensuring that those who possess firearms do so responsibly.

Key Firearms Offences

1. Unauthorised Possession or Use of a Firearm (Section 7 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 It is an offence to possess or use a firearm without the appropriate licence or permit. This includes any firearm, whether a pistol, rifle, or shotgun.

 Penalties: Severe penalties, including fines and imprisonment, can be imposed. For more serious offences involving prohibited firearms, the penalties can include imprisonment for up to 14 years.

2. Possession of a Prohibited Firearm or Weapon (Section 7A of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Possessing a prohibited firearm or weapon, such as an automatic firearm or machine gun, is a serious offence. These items are highly restricted due to their potential for significant harm.

 Penalties: Penalties for possession of prohibited firearms can be as severe as imprisonment for 14 years.

3. Unauthorised Manufacture or Sale of Firearms (Section 50 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Manufacturing or selling firearms without proper authorisation is strictly prohibited. The offence covers individuals and businesses engaged in the illegal trade of firearms.

 Penalties: Offenders may face imprisonment for up to 20 years.

4. Safe Storage Requirements (Section 39 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Licensed firearm owners must comply with strict safe storage regulations to prevent unauthorised access to firearms. This includes storing firearms in a locked container and ensuring ammunition is stored separately.

 Penalties: Non-compliance can lead to fines, licence suspension, or revocation.

5. Using a Firearm in a Public Place (Section 93G of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Discharging or using a firearm in a manner that endangers the public or causes fear is a severe offence. This includes firing a firearm in a public place or near a dwelling.

 Penalties: This offence can result in imprisonment for up to 10 years.

6. Firearms Trafficking (Section 51D of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Trafficking in firearms or firearm parts, including importing, exporting, or distributing firearms unlawfully, is a significant offence.

 Penalties: Penalties for firearms trafficking can include imprisonment for up to 20 years.

7. Possession of Unregistered Firearms (Section 36 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Possessing an unregistered firearm is illegal. All firearms must be registered with the Firearms Registry.

 Penalties: Severe penalties can be imposed, including fines and imprisonment.

8. Possession of Firearms Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs (Section 61 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 It is an offence to possess or use a firearm while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This law aims to prevent impaired individuals from handling firearms, which can increase the risk of accidents and unlawful behaviour.

 Penalties: The penalty for this offence includes fines and potential imprisonment.

9. False Statements (Section 64 of the Firearms Act 1996):

 Making false or misleading statements in relation to firearm licensing, permits, or declarations is an offence. This includes providing incorrect information on application forms or to law enforcement agencies.

 Penalties: This can result in fines and imprisonment.

Importance of Legal Compliance

Compliance with firearms laws is crucial to ensure public safety and prevent the misuse of firearms. Individuals who own or wish to own firearms must understand and adhere to the legal requirements and responsibilities. 

This includes obtaining the appropriate licenses, following safe storage regulations, and ensuring all firearms are registered.

Highest Quality Legal Representation

If you are charged with a firearms offence in NSW, it is vital to seek legal advice from an experienced criminal lawyer or accredited criminal law specialists. Our experienced criminal lawyers at Jameson Law have an outstanding track record and can provide guidance on your rights, help you understand the charges, and represent you in court to achieve the best possible outcome.

Firearms offences in NSW encompass a wide range of activities related to the possession, use, manufacturing, and trafficking of firearms. The legal framework aims to maintain public safety by imposing strict regulations and severe penalties for non-compliance. Understanding these laws and ensuring strict adherence to them is essential. 

If faced with firearms-related charges, seeking expert legal advice from one of our criminal lawyers at Jameson Law is crucial to navigate the legal process effectively. Our track record of results has been recognised by several respected professional organisations over many years.

Additional Information on Firea:

 Unauthorised possession or use of a firearm or pistol offences

 Possession of a prohibited weapon offences

 Failing to keep safe firearms offences

 Discharging of a firearm in a public place offence

 Possession of an unregistered firearm offences

Take a Breath—We’ve Got Your Back
The legal system can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. Book a consultation today: our team of Sydney criminal lawyers will walk you through every step, giving you clarity and a strong defence.

Fraud offences in New South Wales (NSW) are serious crimes that involve deceptive or dishonest conduct aimed at obtaining financial or personal gain at the expense of another. 

These offences are mainly covered under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) and encompass a wide range of activities. The penalties for fraud offences can be severe, reflecting the harm caused to individuals, businesses, and the broader community.

Key Fraud Offences

1. Obtaining Property by Deception (Section 192E of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves using deception to acquire property belonging to someone else. Deception can include false statements, misleading conduct, or other forms of dishonesty.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

2. Obtaining Financial Advantage or Causing Financial Disadvantage by Deception (Section 192E of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence occurs when a person uses deception to gain a financial advantage for themselves or another person, or to cause financial disadvantage to someone else.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

3. Dishonestly Obtain a Financial Advantage (Section 192G of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves obtaining a financial advantage dishonestly, which can occur through false representation or by other dishonest means.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

4. Forgery and Using a false document (Sections 253 and 254 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Forgery: Involves making a false document with the intent to defraud or deceive.

 Using: Involves knowingly using a forged document with the intent to defraud or deceive.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for both forgery and using is 10 years imprisonment.

5. False or Misleading Statements (Section 192H of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Making false or misleading statements with the intent to gain financial advantage or cause financial disadvantage.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 5 years imprisonment.

6. Embezzlement by Employee (Section 157 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves an employee fraudulently taking property or funds entrusted to them by their employer.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

7. Identity Fraud (Various sections under the Crimes Act 1900):

 Identity Fraud: Involves the use of another person’s identity or personal information without authorisation to commit fraudulent activities.

 This can include activities like using someone else’s credit card information, applying for loans in another’s name, or creating false identification documents.

 Penalties: Penalties vary based on the specific conduct and the amount of financial gain or damage involved.

8. Computer-Related Fraud (Sections 308B-308D of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This involves using a computer or network to commit fraud by gaining unauthorised access, causing modification or impairment of data. This can include hacking into systems to manipulate data or steal information and engaging in fraudulent e-commerce activities.

 Penalties: Penalties vary, with severe offences carrying a maximum of 10 years imprisonment.

Additional Information on Fraud:

 False or misleading documents offences

 Forgery offences

 Obtaining a financial advantage by deception offences

 Embezzlement offences

 Knowingly deal with proceeds of crime offences

 Recklessly deal with proceeds of crime offences

The offence of intentionally or recklessly destroying or damaging property is a serious criminal offence governed by the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW). These offences are aimed at protecting property rights and ensuring public order.

Legal Definitions

1. Intentionally Destroy/Damage Property (Section 195(1)(a) of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves intentionally causing damage or destruction to property that belongs to another person.

 Definition of Intention: Intention means that the offender had a deliberate purpose to cause the damage.

2. Recklessly Destroy/Damage Property (Section 195(1)(a) of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves recklessly causing damage or destruction to property that belongs to another person.

 Definition of Recklessness: Recklessness means the offender was aware that their actions could result in damage or destruction to the property but proceeded with the action anyway.

Penalties

The penalties for intentionally or recklessly destroying or damaging property can vary based on the severity of the offence and the circumstances.

Intentionally or recklessly destroying or damaging property is a serious offence in NSW, carrying significant penalties. If you are facing charges for such offences, engaging a skilled and experienced legal team is crucial. 

Jameson Law offers expert legal representation and support, helping you navigate the complexities of the legal system and work towards the best possible outcome for your case. 

Contact Jameson Law today for a confidential consultation and let our team of dedicated criminal defence lawyers assist you.

Additional Information for intentionally or recklessly destroying property:

 Intentionally destroy/damage property offences

 Recklessly destroy/damage property offences

 Domestic violence destroy/damage property offences

Larceny offences in New South Wales (NSW) refer to the unlawful taking and carrying away of someone else’s property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. Larceny is a serious crime and is prosecuted under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW). 

Below is a detailed summary of larceny offences, including their legal definitions, relevant sections, penalties, and key considerations.

Larceny is defined as the unlawful taking and carrying away of another person’s property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property.

Relevant Sections of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)

1. Larceny (Section 117):

 The basic offence of stealing property belonging to another person.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for larceny is 5 years imprisonment if dealt with by the District Court. If dealt with summarily by a Local Court, the maximum penalty can include imprisonment for up to 2 years, a fine of $2,200, or both.

2. Larceny as a Clerk or Servant (Section 156):

 This offence occurs when an employee steals property belonging to their employer.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

3. Larceny by a Bailee (Section 125):

 Involves a person who lawfully possesses property for a particular purpose but then dishonestly appropriates the property for themselves.

4. Stealing Motor Vehicle, Vessel or Trailer (Section 154F):

 This offence involves stealing a motor vehicle or vessel.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

Law Defences and Penalties to Larceny Charges

Several defences may be applicable to larceny charges, including:

 Claim of Right: The offender believed they had a legal right to the property.

 Lack of Intent: The offender did not intend to permanently deprive the owner of the property.

 Mistake of Fact: The offender was mistaken about a fact that negates the intention to steal.

 Duress: The offender was forced to commit the offence under threat of harm.

Larceny offences in NSW encompass a range of actions involving the unlawful taking of property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner. The penalties for these offences can be severe, and the legal process can be complex. 

Understanding the different types of larceny, the relevant legal sections, and the factors influencing sentencing is crucial for those facing such charges. Engaging a skilled criminal lawyer is essential to navigate the legal system and ensure a fair defence, so call Jameson Law today for a consultation with one of our expert criminal lawyers today.

Additional Information on Larceny Charges:

 Larceny offences

 Demanding property with intent to steal offences

 Stealing motor vehicle, vessel or trailer offences

Robbery offences in New South Wales (NSW) are serious crimes that involve the use or threat of violence to take property from another person. These offences are prosecuted under the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) and carry severe penalties due to the violent nature of the crime and its impact on victims. 

Below is a detailed summary of robbery offences, including the various types, relevant legal sections, penalties, and key considerations.

Key Types of Robbery Offences

1. Robbery (Section 94 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves unlawfully taking property from another person by using or threatening to use force. The force or threat is intended to overcome the resistance of the person from whom the property is being taken.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for robbery is 14 years imprisonment.

2. Aggravated Robbery (Section 95 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Aggravated robbery is charged when additional aggravating factors make the offence more serious. These factors can include being armed with a weapon, being in company with another person, or causing actual bodily harm to the victim.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for aggravated robbery is 20 years imprisonment.

3. Aggravated Robbery with Wounding (Section 96 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence occurs when a robbery involves causing grievous bodily harm (GBH) or wounding the victim during the commission of the robbery.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for aggravated robbery with wounding is 25 years imprisonment.

4. Armed Robbery (Section 97 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Armed robbery involves using or threatening to use a weapon during the commission of a robbery. A weapon can include firearms, knives, or other objects capable of causing harm.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty for armed robbery is 20 years imprisonment.

5. Demanding Property with Intent to Steal (Section 99 of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves demanding property from another person with threats of violence, with the intent to steal the property.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.

Elements of Robbery Offences

To secure a conviction for robbery, the prosecution must prove several key elements beyond a reasonable doubt:

 Taking Property: The offender took property from the victim.

 Use of Force or Threats: The taking was accomplished by using or threatening to use force.

 Intention to Steal: The offender intended to permanently deprive the owner of the property.

Importance of Legal Representation

Robbery charges can result in significant legal consequences, including lengthy imprisonment and a permanent criminal record.

If you are charged with a robbery offence, it is crucial to seek legal representation from an experienced criminal lawyer, so contact Jameson Law to schedule a consultation with one of our expert criminal defence lawyers today. 

Additional Information on Robbery Offences:

 Robbery Offences

 Aggravated Robbery Offences

 Aggravated Robbery with wounding offences

 Armed Robbery Offences

Not Guilty of Sexual Assault?

Sexual offences encompass a range of criminal behaviours that involve unlawful, non-consensual, or forced sexual activities. These offences are governed by the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) and carry significant penalties due to the serious nature of the crimes and the profound impact on victims. Our criminal lawyers have successfully defended complex criminal cases that had multiple counts of sexual assault, and despite partial admissions to police.

Key Types of Sexual Offences

1. Sexual Assault (Section 61I of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Sexual assault involves sexual intercourse with another person without their consent. Consent must be freely and voluntarily given.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 14 years imprisonment.

2. Aggravated Sexual Assault (Section 61J of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence occurs when sexual assault is committed with aggravating circumstances such as the use of a weapon, inflicting bodily harm, committing the offence in company with another person, or if the victim is under the age of 16.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 20 years imprisonment.

3. Aggravated Sexual Assault in Company (Section 61JA of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves committing sexual assault in the company of one or more persons, and threatening to use an offensive weapon or intentionally or recklessly inflicting actual bodily harm on the victim before or after the offence.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is life imprisonment.

4. Sexual Touching (Section 61KC of the Crimes Act 1900):

 Sexual touching involves touching another person in a sexual manner without their consent.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 5 years imprisonment.

5. Sexual Act (Section 61KD of the Crimes Act 1900):

 This offence involves performing a sexual act with or towards another person without their consent or inciting another person to perform a sexual act.

 Penalties: The maximum penalty is 18 months imprisonment.

6. Sexual Offences Against Children (Various sections under the Crimes Act 1900):

 These offences involve sexual activities with or towards children under the age of 16. Offences include sexual assault of a child, indecent assault of a child, and grooming.

 Penalties: Penalties vary, with maximum sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment depending on the specific offence and circumstances.

Defences to Sexual Offences:

Several defences may be raised in response to sexual offence charges, including:

 Consent: Arguing that the alleged victim consented to the sexual activity.

 Mistaken Belief in Consent: The defendant genuinely believed that the alleged victim consented to the sexual activity.

 Identity: Challenging the identification of the defendant as the perpetrator.

Additional Information Sexual Offences:

 Sexual Assault Offences

 Aggravated Sexual Assault Offences

 Sexual Touching Offences

 Sexual Offences against children